Molecular Dynamics of Steroid-Glucocorticoid Receptor Interactions in Inflammation Control: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

Omeye Francis I.

Faculty of Medicine Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Inflammation plays a vital role in the immune defense system but can lead to chronic diseases when dysregulated. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones with potent anti-inflammatory effects, primarily functioning through interactions with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). This review delves into the molecular dynamics of GC-GR interactions, highlighting the receptor’s structural domains and the mechanisms by which GCs modulate gene expression to control inflammation. The GR operates through two main pathways: transactivation and transrepression, facilitating the expression of anti-inflammatory genes while inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways. Despite their efficacy, long-term glucocorticoid therapy is often hindered by significant side effects such as immunosuppression and metabolic disturbances. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying GC-GR dynamics presents opportunities for the development of selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators (SGRMs) that retain therapeutic benefits while minimizing adverse effects. Future research directions include designing dissociated glucocorticoids that separate transrepression from transactivation, investigating GR isoforms for therapeutic targeting, and exploring epigenetic influences on glucocorticoid responses. Ultimately, enhancing the specificity and effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapies could significantly improve outcomes for patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.

Keywords: Glucocorticoids, glucocorticoid receptor, inflammation, transactivation, transrepression,

CITE AS: Omeye Francis I. (2025). Molecular Dynamics of Steroid-Glucocorticoid Receptor Interactions in Inflammation Control: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. IAA Journal of Applied Sciences 13(1):14-19. https://doi.org/10.59298/IAAJAS/2025/131.14190