Evaluation of Subchronic toxicity and phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract of Ocimum suave (Lamiciae)

Kioko Lucy Mutindi

School of Pharmacy, Western Campus, Kampala International University, Uganda

ABSTRACT

Evaluation of phytochemical content, acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum suave in Wistar rats was carried out. Experimental rats were administered extracts daily for 31 days at dose levels of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. Acute toxicity and phytochemical screening of aqueous leaf extract were done according to method of Lorke’s Trease and Evans. Biochemical analysis was equally done at the end of the administration of extracts using standard methods. At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed and blood samples taken for biochemical assay. The LD50 was found to be greater than 10,000 mg/kg body weight. Results showed the presence of most phytochemicals tested for. The aqueous extract caused a decrease in ALT activity but AST and CK activities were higher in the treated groups in a dose-dependent manner relative to the control. The aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum suave affected mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin and mean cell hemoglobin concentration. The aqueous leaf extract caused mean   body weight gain, but decrease in relative organ weight. The study suggests that the aqueous extract administered at normal therapeutic doses is not likely to produce severe toxic effects on some hematological and biochemical indices in rats and the organs tested. Chronic toxicity of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum suave should be done for histological, haematological and biochemical evaluation.

Keywords: Ocimum suave, Toxicity, Wistar Rats, Biochemical assay, Phytochemical, Extract

CITE AS: Kioko Lucy Mutindi (2024). Evaluation of Subchronic toxicity and phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract of Ocimum suave (Lamiciae). IAA Journal of Applied Sciences 11(2):50-59. https://doi.org/10.59298/IAAJAS/2024/112.50.59